A partnership is a business owned by two or more individuals (partners) who share the business’s profits and losses based on their agreed-upon share of ownership.
Partnerships are popular business structures because they’re quick and easy to form with little or no formal documentation required by law.
There are three main types of partnerships to choose from: general, limited, and limited liability.
1. General Partnership (GP)
In a general partnership, all partners share equal rights and responsibilities, and each partner can sign contracts on behalf of the business. The partners or non-partner managers (similar to a corporate board of directors) must obtain unanimous or majority agreement before making major decisions.
Along with sharing profits and losses, partners assume unlimited liability for the debts and obligations of the partnership — known as joint and several liability. This means that if the partnership is sued because of the negligence of a partner, the other partners are also held liable, and their personal assets may be seized by a creditor.
2. Limited Partnership (LP)
A limited partnership is made up of general and limited partners. Both types of partners are entitled to business profits, but have different roles and degrees of liability.
A limited partnership needs at least one general partner to function, because they’re responsible for running the business. Limited partners, often referred to as silent partners, contribute capital to the partnership but don’t manage daily operations.
General partners must also accept full joint and several liability for the partnership’s debts and obligations. Limited partners are not liable for the actions of the partnership or its general partner.
3. Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
Limited liability partnerships combine the tax benefits of a general partnership with personal liability protection of a limited liability company.
Each partner is able to choose how much they’d like to invest in the partnership, as well as their level of involvement in the business.
All LLP partners are essentially general partners, but with limited liability — in other words, they’re not personally liable for business debts and obligations or the errors, omissions, negligence, incompetence, or malpractice of the other partners. For example, if one partner is sued for negligence, the other partners are not legally accountable for their actions.